A checklist for raising a baby up to two years old
Raising a baby through the first two years is an important and complex challenge. Here is a checklist to help you care for your baby more effectively up to the age of two.
Feeding
Follow the feeding guidelines for babies.
If you can, give only breast milk for the first 6 months, and continue breastfeeding alongside other foods until two years or beyond (World Health Organization advice).
If your baby needs formula, choose an infant formula made for babies.
From around 6 months, gradually introduce a variety of new foods.
Health care
Keep up with vaccinations according to the immunisation schedule.
Wipe your baby's gums and first teeth with a soft, clean cloth.
Keep to your regular health check appointments.
Sleep and rest
Create a regular sleep and rest routine for your baby.
Make your baby's sleeping place safe and comfortable.
For safe sleep, always put your baby to sleep on their back, on a firm mattress, in their own cot, and keep pillows, loose blankets, cot bumpers and soft toys out of the cot. Use soft cotton sleepwear.
Help your baby gradually learn to settle themselves to sleep.
Sensory and motor development
Use games and toys that support development.
Introduce your child to different senses.
Gradually encourage your baby to sit, crawl and walk.
Connecting with your baby
Talk to your baby often.
Make eye contact and smile with your baby.
Laugh and play with your baby.
Play gentle music and songs for your baby.
Parenting tips
Use praise and encouragement.
Set clear limits for unwanted behaviour.
Encourage your baby to look at picture books.
Show your baby how to do things by doing them yourself.
Everyday care
Choose baby clothes made from soft, washable fabric.
Keep your baby's clothes clean and dry.
Use suitable nappies and change them regularly.
Pay attention to handwashing and daily hygiene.
Safety
Make your home safe by removing dangerous objects.
Use suitable child safety locks.
Take steps to stop your baby falling from chairs and beds.
Teeth and mouth
From the first tooth, clean your baby's teeth with a soft baby toothbrush, and ask your dentist or doctor when to start using a low-fluoride toothpaste.
After milk or food, wipe your baby's mouth with water.
To ease sore gums when teeth are coming through, give your baby a teething ring.
Skin care
- Wash your baby's skin with lukewarm water.
- Use fragrance-free nappies and wipes.
- Keep your baby's skin moisturised with a gentle moisturiser.
- See a doctor for eczema or skin rashes.
- Protect your baby from direct sunlight.
Ears and eyes
Gently clean your baby's ears and eyes with a soft, clean cloth.
Use eye or ear drops only if a doctor prescribes them.
Never put cotton buds or anything else inside your baby's ear; just clean the outer ear with a soft cloth.
Exploring the world
Introduce your baby to different places and to nature.
Let your toddler help you plant flowers and plants.
Visit animals with your baby and let them enjoy the experience.
Looking after yourself as a parent
Look after your own health too, because your baby depends on your care and support.
When you are stressed or tired, make sure you rest.
Use your support network for help with caring for your baby.
Play and fun
As your baby grows, give them age-appropriate toys.
Play with your baby and enjoy time together.
Read story books for young children to your baby.
Tummy time and sleeping position
While your baby is awake and you are watching, place them on their tummy (tummy time) to strengthen their neck and shoulder muscles.
For sleep, always put your baby on their back.
Common health concerns
See a doctor if you notice signs of common baby illnesses, such as ear infections, fever or changes in feeding. A temperature of 38°C or more in a baby under 3 months needs urgent medical attention.
If your baby has anaemia, follow your doctor's advice.
Creativity and emotional development
Give your baby musical, artistic and creative experiences.
Take your baby to public places where they can meet other children.
Self-care
When your baby is asleep, use the time to rest and look after yourself.
Stay connected with friends and family so you have more support with the challenges of parenting.